As your teary eyes and stuffy nose might have pointed out by now, the allergy season is upon us. There are so many different ways to treat allergies and allergy symptoms, but which is right for you? The Oregonian discusses the different treatments, their benefits and drawbacks, and how you might be able to get your hands on them.
Avoidance
How it works: If the allergens don’t get to you, you don’t sneeze or get hives.
Benefits: Prevents allergies from starting. Can be low-cost.
Drawbacks: You must know what you’re allergic to in order to avoid it. And it can be hard to avoid pollen, dust mites and other widespread allergens. Items like air filters and mite-blocking mattress covers can be expensive.
How to get it: Notice when and where your allergies start and get worse, then talk to a doctor about possible causes and ways to avoid them.
Saline spray
How it works: Washes pollens and inflammatory cells from the nose.
Benefits: Cheap and easy to use.
Drawbacks: Can feel unpleasant. Doesn’t always work, especially for serious allergies.
How to get it: Available at stores for about $1.50 a bottle.
Nasal steroid spray (Flonase, etc.)
How it works: Reduces inflammation of the nose. Exactly how is not known.
Benefits: The best medicine for relieving nasal allergy symptoms including sneezing and itchy, runny noses and congestion.
Drawbacks: May cause bloody noses. Some people find the smell or feel of certain sprays unpleasant.
How to get it: A doctor must prescribe one of the many steroid sprays. Switch if you don’t like the smell or feel of one—all the brands work equally well. Price can be as much as $100 for prescription brands.
Cromolyn (NasalCrom) nasal spray
How it works: Stops allergies from happening by keeping mast cells from releasing allergy-causing chemicals. Start using a week or two before your allergy season begins.
Benefits: May prevent your allergies entirely.
Drawbacks: Works only for some people. Doesn’t help symptoms once allergies start.
How to get it: Over the counter in stores. Costs roughly $15 a bottle.
Non-sedating antihistamine pills (Claritin, Zyrtec, etc.)
How it works: Blocks inflammatory chemicals called histamines.
Benefits: Helps relieve sneezing and itchiness in the nose and throat for many people, usually without causing drowsiness.
Drawbacks: Doesn’t help congestion, so some brands mix in a decongestant (like Claritin-D). Some brands, including Zyrtec, cause sleepiness in a minority of users. Don’t double the dose, which raises the risk of sedation.
How to get it: Over the counter, though Allegra and a new drug, Xyzal, are prescription. Costs run from 7 cents a pill for generics to $3.50 a pill for Xyzal.
Sedating antihistamine pills (Benadryl, diphenhydramine)
How it works: Blocks histamines.
Benefits: Helps relieve sneezing and itchiness in the nose and throat for many people.
Drawbacks: Makes most users very sleepy, with a “significant hangover effect in the morning” that can make it dangerous to drive or run machinery, Dr. Anthony Montanaro of OHSU’s Allergy and Immunology Department said. That’s why diphenhydramine is in sleeping pills.
How to get it: Over the counter. Costs run from 5 to 25 cents a pill.
Singulair, a pill.
How it works: Blocks leukotrienes, chemicals that help inflame the nose.
Benefits: Works about as well as antihistamines but in a different way, for people who don’t get help from antihistamines. Also may help asthma.
Drawbacks: The FDA is studying a possible link to depression and suicidal thoughts.
How to get it: Prescription required. Costs about $3.50 a pill.
Eye drops
How it works: Antihistamine eye drops fight inflammation and itchiness. Over the counter eye drops may just relieve itching and redness.
Benefits: Targeted relief for people with especially bad eye symptoms.
Drawbacks: Can sting slightly. Prescription drops are expensive.
How to get it: Antihistamine drops take a prescription and can cost $100 a bottle. Over-the-counter drops cost several dollars a bottle.
Allergy shots
How it works: Officially called immunotherapy; a doctor injects you with small but increasing amounts of allergen until your immune system adjusts.
Benefits: Can actually cure allergies in many cases.
Drawbacks: Shots hurt, and you have to see the doctor weekly at the start and get injections for years. There’s a risk of a serious allergic reaction to the shots.
How to get it: An allergist prescribes and gives the shots. Can cost roughly $2,000 for full treatment, but it’s covered by most insurance plans.
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